马氏珠母贝黄壳色选系F1和养殖群体形态性状比较     

邓岳文  张善发符韶 杜晓东 《广东海洋大学学报》2007,27(6):77-80

马氏珠母贝（Pinctada martensii）是我国南方养殖的一种重要经济贝类，长期以来一直是我国主要的海水育珠的主要贝类，用马氏珠母贝育珠是广东、广西和海南沿海部分地区经济发展的支柱性产业。近年来，我国海水珍珠的质量出现明显滑坡，严重地削弱了在国际市场上的竞争力。为提高海水珍珠质量和在国际市场上的竞争力，国内科技工作者已经进行了大量的研究工作，这些工作主要包括对马氏珠母贝养殖群体性状的改良、育珠技术的优化和海水珍珠形成机理的研究。  相似文献   

Effects of experimental small-scale cockle (Cerastoderma edule L.) fishing on ecosystem function     

Christopher P. Cesar  & Chris L. J. Frid 《Marine Ecology》2009,30(S1):123-137

The cockle Cerastoderma edule L. occurs at commercially exploited densities within both species-poor and species-rich assemblages, dominating the faunal biomass and potentially acting as a key contributor to a number of ecological functions. The questions considered were: Is the delivery of ecological functions affected by the removal of C. edule ? Does the biodiversity of the affected assemblage affect the extent to which it is altered? To explore these questions, adult cockles were removed from experimental plots at two shores in the North-West of England: a species-poor shore at Warton Sands, Morecambe Bay, and a more diverse shore at Thurstaston, Dee estuary. Impacts on the functioning of the systems were determined during a 4-month study in summer 2007 by direct measurements of benthic primary production, organic matter content and sediment granulometry, and by indirect analyses using Biological Traits Analysis. Removal of adult cockles led to significant changes in faunal assemblage composition and in the distribution of biological traits, with increased biodiversity and an increased prevalence of traits relating to opportunistic taxa observed following the removal of C. edule . These changes occurred at both study sites and hence were independent of the initial biodiversity of the assemblages. Sediment granulometry was significantly affected; however, surface chlorophyll and organic matter were not affected. This implies a minimal impact on these functions and a high degree of functional redundancy within the macrofauna. The implications of these findings and future areas of research are discussed.  相似文献   

三疣梭子蟹家系的建立及生长性状比较   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

高保全  刘萍  李健  戴芳钰  王学忠 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2010,40(2)

以莱州湾和舟山野生群体为材料,以完全双列杂交法设计搭配组合,采用1×3♀交配模式,首次利用人工控制定向交尾技术成功构建三疣梭子蟹家系,经过两代选育,对生长到80,100,120日龄10个F2代家系的生长和家系内的变异进行了比较分析。120日龄时,10个家系体重大小顺序为:J9J10J1J8J4J3J2J5J7J6,全甲宽大小顺序为:J9J10J1J4J8J3J2J5J7J6,甲宽大小顺序为:J9J10J1J8J4J3J2J5J7J6,甲长大小顺序为:J9J10J1J8J4J3J2J5J7J6,体高大小顺序为:J9J10J1J8J4J3J2J5J7J6。J9J、10的体重极显著大于其他8个家系(P≤0.01),J9体重比J6大96.10%,比J7大76.87%;J10体重比J6大72.77%,比J7大55.76%,表现出明显的生长优势,是两个生长性状良好的家系,为育种工作提供了良好的材料。  相似文献   

转基因水稻恢复系产量构成性状的杂种优势分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄永相  郭建夫  吴元奇  张建中 《广东海洋大学学报》2005,25(6):79-83

为探明转抗真菌蛋白基因水稻的杂种优势利用价值,选用6个转基因的水稻恢复系与多个不育系杂交,计算转基因水稻恢复系杂种一代的超父优势、超原种优势和单株产量竞争优势,并对其产量构成性状进行相关与通径分析。结果表明:不同品种或同一品种的不同转基因株系间的超父优势表现不同,整体上优势较明显的性状是有效穗数和单株产量;七丝软占转化后代的杂种F1普遍存在显著正向超原种优势,而E32转化后代所配杂种的超原种优势则较多表现为负值;产量竞争优势分析结果则表明转基因水稻选配优良组合几率并不比常规育种方法低,其中E10、EF38的杂种F1存在较强的产量竞争优势;对转化后代杂种F1的单株产量贡献最大的性状依次为有效穗、穗实粒数和千粒重。  相似文献   

Biological features of Pupu Springs     

Frances B. Mjchaelis 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):357-373

The flora and fauna of Pupu Springs (40°51'S, 172° 46'E) and five other New Zealand cold springs are described. In Pupu Springs there are 16 species of algae, 10 species of bryophytes (including three species of liverworts), and 5 species of angiosperms. The fauna includes a phreatic form (an eyeless planarian, Dugesia sp.), a possible glacial relict (the caddis fly Rakiura vernale), and cold stenotherms (e.g., the caddis fly Psilochorema tautoru). The most abundant animals in the New Zealand springs are Mollusea, Crustacea, and’ larvae of Plecoptera, Diptera, and Trichoptera.

Pupu Springs consist of five biotopes and associated biocoenoses.  相似文献   

Correlation and path analysis of morphological and weight traits in marine gastropod Glossaulax reiniana   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵力强  何阳阳  杨凤  聂鸿涛  闫喜武 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(4):821-827

Using correlation and path analysis, the genetic correlation between weight traits and morphological traits was determined in the marine gastropod Glossaulax reiniana. A total of 100 G. reiniana individuals from a wild population were used. Shell width （X1）, shell height （X2）, umbo-callus height （X3）, body width （X4）, operculum length （X5）, operculum width （X6）, body weight （Y1） and soft-tissue weight （Y2） were measured, and the correlation coefficient matrix calculated. Morphological traits were used as independent variables and weight traits as dependent variables for path coefficient analysis. Path coefficients, correlation indices and determination coefficients were also determined. Results indicate that the correlation coefficients associated with each morphological and weight trait were all highly significant （P〈0.01）. After deleting redundant independent variables, the following optimum multiple regression equations were obtained using stepwise multiple regression analysis： Y1=-29.317＋0.362X2＋0.349X4＋ 1.190）（5 for body weight; and Y2=-17.292＋0.166X1＋0.171X2＋0.703X5, for soft-tissue weight. Operculum height had the highest positive direct correlation with both body weight and soft-tissue weight, which was in accordance with the test results obtained from determinate coefficient analysis. The indication of high genetic correlations between weight traits and morphological traits will provide valuable information for G. reiniana breeding programs.  相似文献   

The taxonomical and functional diversity of three groups of aquatic insects in rheocrene karst springs are affected by different environmental factors     

《Limnologica》2021

Karst springs represent valuable and often the most threatened habitats in the riverine landscape. Unlike other stream habitats, they have several specifics that determine their insularity in the river continuum, e.g., high seasonal thermal and chemical stability. The presented study aimed to find out the taxonomical and functional richness of three groups of aquatic insects (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera) in the Western Carpathians karst springs, as well as uncover the mechanism of the EPT community assembly. Low within-site species richness was generally found, however, there was high between-site diversity and thus high total diversity of the studied groups of benthic invertebrates as well. Species richness of the EPT community was higher in larger and colder springs: those with lower concentrations of CO₂ and Fe, as well as higher concentrations of SO₄²⁻. Analysis of functional richness, as well as functional dispersion, did not reveal any clear assembly mechanism in the spring EPT community; however, both analyses indicated a higher proportion of environmental filtering there. Unlike the taxonomic richness, the functional richness of the EPT community was significantly higher in small and medium springs with higher water temperatures, as well as in springs with the presence of deadwood. Between-site dissimilarities in the functional composition of EPT were significantly correlated with environmental differences of springs, which determined variables such as spring size and temperature, as well as the concentration of CO₂ and SiO₂.  相似文献   

Macroinvertebrate diversity in fragmented Alpine streams: implications for freshwater conservation     

Michael T. Monaghan  Christopher T. Robinson  Piet Spaak  James V. Ward 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2005,67(4):454-464

  相似文献   

湘中中奥陶世优质锰矿地球化学特征     

吴永胜  曹景良 《湖南地质》2003,22(2):101-106

简要介绍了朗中地区中奥陶世锰矿含矿岩系、矿体形态、矿石等—般特征，重点总结了该类型锰矿的常量元素、微量元素、稳定同位素及稀土元素、有机地球化学特征．提出：①朗中地区中奥陶世锰矿是低磷、低铁、高碱度优质锰矿石；②成矿的物质来源为多源，既有陆源，也有深部热液来源；⑦锰沉积成矿过程中，有机质起了极其重要作用．  相似文献   

中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)与生长性状相关SCAR标记的筛选   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何玉英  刘萍  李健  王清印 《海洋与湖沼》2007,38(1):42-48

采用RAPD技术对“黄海1号”中国对虾快速生长选育群体第6代大个体群体(CP-a)和小个体群体(CP-b)以及野生群体(WP)为对照组的各50尾个体进行扩增,获得可能与生长性状相关的9个RAPD遗传标记。对获得的标记进行克隆、测序并根据序列设计特异性引物对3个群体进行SCAR标记分析。其中6对引物(SCAR1、SCAR2、SCAR3、SCAR4、SCAR5和SCAR6)在3个群体中有扩增产物,前4对引物在3个群体共150尾个体中的扩增产物无多态性。SCAR5和SCAR6在3个群体中的扩增产物具有多态性。依据扩增产物在群体中出现的频率和变化规律进行分析表明,SCAR5扩增的多态片段在3个群体中的组成比例分别为78%、52%和54%,差异显著(P<0.05);SCAR6扩增的多态片段经电泳后产生3个等位基因,6种基因型,只有CP-b含有等位基因A。这2个标记可以作为与中国对虾生长性状相关的候选标记,为在生产实践中实行分子标记辅助育种奠定理论基础。  相似文献